نشریه مطالعات بین رشته ای در تعالی معماری و شهرسازی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، پاییز و زمستان 1402)

The present research has studied the architecture of nomads with a semiotic approach based on the originality of meaning. Architecture as a meaning is a reflection of ideas and values that to understand and receive its meanings, one should seek help from the science of signs, and since this science originates from philosophy, then it should be read from a philosophical point of view. be decoded. The science of semiotics and semantics are closely related to each other today. Basically, the sign represents semantic concepts; While the meaning can be seen in the sign. It is the same in the field of architectural knowledge, and for a better understanding of the relationship between architecture and the science of semiotics, it is necessary to pay attention to these two sciences and the relationship between them. But the most important category in the field of semantics is to pay attention to different levels of meanings, which in this research were divided into three types of explicit, implicit and symbolic meanings. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the coding of signs was used after layering the residential complex in five levels of construction, environment, access, physical-functional and landscape, and then each part was analyzed separately at different levels of meaning. took Basically, nomadic architecture itself is composed of various layers that convey signs in the form of meanings and concepts to the observer and observer through the layers. It seems that the art of nomadic architecture in the design of tents and the creation of sometimes temporary residences; It is formed with the principles of semiotics, especially based on the originality of meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to prove the existence of signs in the residential complex of nomadic people based on the originality of meaning in nomadic architecture. In order to achieve this goal, questions are raised as to why it is necessary to study nomadic settlements and on what basis they are analyzed from a semiotic point of view. The research method of this research is of the theoretical type, which used the descriptive-analytical and historical method with qualitative variables and logical and philosophical reasoning in the data collection stage. to compile analyses; The generalities and structures of the studied collection have been made in the five systems of text creation, and by analyzing them, the concepts and signs used in them have been obtained, and then by coding and classifying the concepts in three semantic levels, explicit and implicit. and symbolic; has been extracted. Therefore, since the subject under discussion is studying the design of temporary settlements of nomadic tribes in Iran, the Qashqai nomadic tribe has been chosen due to having suitable conditions for coding. The results of the research indicate that temporary nomadic settlements, in addition to paying attention to the desired functional aspects in design, have tried to reflect spiritual and aesthetic concepts in the form of residential architecture. Therefore, it can be seen that in the architecture of nomadic tribes, the presence of signs and meanings hidden in them have been used to design temporary settlements.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, with the start of startups, there have been changes in the shape of coworking spaces that are suitable for the needs of today's societies. In addition to providing a suitable platform for the presence of people with startup and creative thinking, the coworking space creates the possibility of random interactions and the growth of creativity by responding to the social needs of users. Physical proximity between people with different abilities and talents increases the possibility of cooperation, teamwork, informal learning and individual growth. Among the few weaknesses of the coworking space, we can mention the distraction and lack of concentration of the users; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know the level of solitude in the coworking space and to analyze its role in meeting the needs of users and to examine it in a case study (Metre Moraba Co-working space of Mashhad).

In the first step, the information was collected using the library-document method, and authentic written researches were used to compile the theoretical foundations and background of the research. In the second step, data collection has been done by the field method (presence in a case sample and using the tools of observation and interview and questionnaire). Through the observation tool, the authors picked up the characteristics of the environment and the behavior of the employees, and through an interview with the architect and manager of the meter moraba complex (Dr. Yalda Golriz), they got to know the concepts and the construction process of the project, and also by presenting a questionnaire to 11 users present in In the fall of 1401, the metre moraba collection investigated the role of solitude in responding to the needs of users. In the third step, through inferential studies, the levels of individual and group solitude have been analyzed in the examined sample (metre moraba coworking space).

The findings show that solitude plays an important role as an important factor in meeting the needs of users in a coworking space. Considering the existential role of solitude in creating concentration, creativity, flourishing of ideas, improving the work efficiency of the audience, it is necessary to provide individual and collective solitude in the shared work space. Examining the spectrum of solitude in the metre moraba. group shows that the collective spaces have quantitatively occupied the largest area of the space and qualitatively created collective solitude for the users. However, individual spaces are not quantitatively responsive to users, and qualitatively, they do not provide enough concentration, peace, and privacy for the audience; Therefore, in order to provide optimal solitude (individual and collective solitude), solutions have been presented in order to improve solitude.

To create a sense of solitude in the interior, one should pay attention to simplicity, comfort, and natural elements and use appropriate decorations and lighting. These factors help the user to create a quiet and secluded space that is suitable for rest and relaxation.
Work spaces with optimal privacy (simultaneous provision of individual and collective privacy) play an important role in advancing work goals (group and individual), therefore, in order to achieve optimal privacy, it is suggested to improve individual privacy quantitatively and qualitatively in the set of Metre Moraba Co-working space.

Nowadays, there are problems such as noise pollution in the environment. In line with the emergence of these problems, topics such as providing sound comfort and proper distribution of sound in architectural spaces find a special place. Depending on the use of spaces, the degree of importance of this issue is different. In spaces such as libraries, access to sound comfort is among the priorities. One of the optimal space requirements in the library from the sound point of view is to prepare a relatively quiet environment without additional disturbances (such as traffic, internal ventilation, noisy people) and noise control. The proper distribution of sound in the study hall by expressing the issue of speech privacy and in meeting halls by expressing the issue of speech clarity is the focus of this research.

Research method, This research was conducted experimentally by measuring the sound intensity in the reading rooms of the girls and boys of Tabriz Central Library using the 2260B&K sound meter and the H8 recorder. The graphs obtained from the sound meter were extracted in Excel software and the recorder graphs were analyzed in MATLAB software. Finally, it has been adapted to the NC standard graph.

Statement of the problem: In the matted spaces of the library, where the physical boundaries become fainter, non-visual boundaries become visible. The place of sound has been important in the architecture of the past so that it has become a modern science. The problem of proper distribution of sound in libraries led this research to examine comparative studies between sound and architecture in library reading rooms. The purpose of the research: The main purpose of the research is to create sound comfort and reduce harmful sound reflections in these spaces to create speech privacy. To achieve this goal, the relationship between the transmission and distribution of sound has been analyzed by examining the geometry of the halls and the materials used. The final goal of the research is to investigate the effect of the gender of the voices of girls and boys in the halls. Research questions 1- What effect does the reduction of noise in the library space have on the process of speech privacy for users?

The general results of the research showed that the gender difference of sound in spaces requires a special architecture, especially in the girls' reading houses, due to the wide range of frequencies, necessitates the use of fibers and shells on the surfaces. Sound comfort and security are harmful reflections, despite the sense of place and sense of belonging for users in the library, in the degree of the environment's desirability, is one of the goals of this research. Examining the forms in the overall volume and surfaces of the floor, wall and ceiling and dealing with materials with appropriate absorption coefficients and creating speech and hearing privacy are the other research goals. The final goal of the research is to examine the combination of the frequency spectrum and the effect of the gender of girls' and boys' voices in the halls and to design an architectural solution in case of combining the frequency spectrum. By strengthening the architectural features in the field of sound, it becomes possible to formulate principles in the architectural design of libraries and acoustics.

The ancient hill of Hasanlu is situated 12 km southwest of Urmia lake and 9 km northeast of Naqadeh city (Sulduz), between Amin Lo and Hasanlo villages. The hill is named Hasanlu after the nearby village. Excavations at the Hasanlu ancient hill took place in three significant decades of archaeological history (1950s, 1960s, and 1970s), characterized by methodological advancements and new hypotheses. Hasanlu Hill has a lot of layers of culture ranging from the Old Bronze Age to the Ilkhanid period. Alongside three or four forts in the region, it has been served as a defense for the western borders of Manaha, which is located in the southern part of Lake Urmia. These fortress cities have been substituted to scattered villages and became the focal point of resistance against the invasions of the Assyrian and Urartu governments in the early first millennium BC. In Hasanlu's sequence, a total of ten cultural periods, labeled as periods I to X, have been identified. In the northwestern region of Iran, there are relatively isolated mountain valleys that serve as environmental beds, offering different environmental conditions and resources. This has resulted in a significant cultural diversity in the region for a long time. Numerous architectural documents and archaeological excavations point towards the presence of architectural patterns in the ancient hill sites of Hasanlu. Accordingly, the goal has been to investigate the theoretical principles in the areas of architecture, archaeology, culture, and the utilization of written and visual records to evaluate the standard of architecture and its influencing factors. The lack of resources, incomplete and varied reports from the archaeological team, and disregard for the architecture of Hasanlu Hill, along with the importance of recognizing the shape patterns left on the hill and the necessity of researching the theoretical foundations of architecture and investigating the impact of influential patterns on architectural quality, highlight the need to understand the connection between fundamental architectural concepts and theoretical foundations. Ultimately, this prompts the question: What role have cultural patterns played in shaping the architectural quality of Hasanlu Hill? The objective of the present study is to elucidate the theoretical principles in the domains of architecture, archaeology, and culture, with the purpose of examining the quality of architecture and the factors that impact it. This research was carried out using a qualitative analytical approach, and ultimately through comparative analysis supplemented by information gathered from historical documents, maps, visual materials, and archaeological records obtained from library and archival sources. The research findings indicate that there is a strong connection between the shape patterns influenced by symbolism and the architectural style found in the ancient sites of Hasanlu. The article's most significant discovery is the utilization of square, rectangular, and chalipa patterns to highlight the usage, symbolism, and meaning behind the structures. This design technique is closely associated with topics like symbolism, meaning derived from the structural and static application, as well as serving as a roof covering. These techniques have been consistently employed throughout the entire history of Hasanlu fortress, up until the present day.

Historical districts in cities have played a significant role in shaping the urban life and cultural identity. Over time, various changes and developments have led to the deterioration of these areas. Utilizing prominent historical buildings as strengths and addressing environmental and physical challenges as weaknesses can greatly impact historical districts. The Sahib-al-Amr historical square in Tabriz, Iran, has historical significance but currently lacks its former identity and value. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to develop strategies for the revitalization of this historical square. Because revitalizing this square is crucial for preserving its historical and cultural value. The current physical challenges and visitor experience demand strategic planning and action for its revitalization.

The study focuses on the Sahib-al-Amr square in Tabriz, Iran, which holds a special place in the city's history. Dating back to the 14th century, the square has witnessed various transformations and architectural marvels, reflecting the influential periods it has experienced. The methodology employed in the research involved using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) matrix and QSPM (Quantitative Strategy Planning Matrix) to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and to develop practical strategies for revitalization. The research strategy falls within the adaptive range (WO), as determined by the QSPM matrix.

The results of the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix reveal the significant impact of existing historical buildings as a strength and visual pollution and lack of security as the most significant weaknesses affecting the historical square. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix highlights the economic potential of the market as an opportunity, while concerns such as the absence of security due to broken windows and unauthorized encroachments are identified as the most threatening factors. The QSPM matrix found that priority 1 is creating arrangements for tourists in the historical complex, with a score of 7.23. Priority 2 is making rules to preserve historical buildings in the area, with a score of 7.20. Priority 3 is modernizing the use around the square and considering its historical role, with a score of 7.19. Priority 4 is adding nighttime activities, with a score of 7.08. Priority 5 is limiting car traffic in the complex, with a score of 4.49.

The study recommends an adaptive strategy within the operational range to enhance the environment by leveraging existing capabilities and opportunities. These strategies aim to maximize the square's potential, enhance its historical significance, and create a vibrant, secure, and engaging environment for locals and visitors alike. Strategies for achieving this include formulating regulations to preserve historical buildings, modernizing the use around the square, creating tourist facilities, adding nighttime activities, and reducing car traffic within the historical complex. These strategies not only enhance the city's cultural identity but also contribute to local economy, tourism, and community development. The practical findings and recommendations contribute to the revitalization of similar historical areas and the preservation of the country's rich cultural and historical identity. The proposed measures, such as stakeholder involvement, improved security, pedestrian infrastructure, and traffic management, aim to revitalize and bring prosperity to Tabriz's historical district.

Nowadays, with the advancement of new technologies in airport design, the traditional methods of airport construction do not meet the needs of modern man, and the need for prefabricated construction is felt more than ever. On the other hand, the use of prefabricated strategies leads to the realization of sustainable transportation goals, which has not been considered in the design of airports in the country. This issue is very important in Imam Khomeini International Airport (RA) due to its special and strategic location. In the design of the said airport, an attempt was made to use modern architectural methods, regardless of the socio-cultural indicators of the area, and due to its distance from the city center, from an economic and environmental point of view, there are also adverse effects in achieving the goals of sustainable transportation.

In this research, after reviewing specialized texts in the field of airport design, modern methods of pre-fabrication, as well as the importance of sustainable transportation approach, approaches and indicators of airport design in order to promote sustainable transportation based on the application of the method. New prefabs are examined and extracted. This research, which is practical from the point of view of the goal, and the type of research is a combination, and a quantitative-qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical method of field and survey studies has been used. The required indicators of the research were extracted from the study and review of specialized texts and were given to 50 experts in the fields of architecture, urban planning and aviation in the form of a questionnaire. The method of data analysis is using t-test, Friedman, factor analysis and structural equation modeling method. In this part of the research, smartpls3 and spss20 software were used.

The "economic" dimension with an average rating of 2.73 plays the most impact from the point of view of realizing the goals of sustainable architecture through modern methods of prefabrication. In the following, the "biological-environmental" dimension with an average ranking of 1.94 and then the "social-cultural" dimension with an average ranking of 1.33 respectively have the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable architecture goals through pre-construction strategies in the design of airports.

The attention of the majority of experts and designers is generally on the economic and environmental aspects of modern pre-fabrication methods, and from the perspective of socio-cultural aspects. and its alignment with the mentioned component is not given the necessary attention, therefore, one of the main reasons for the lack of success and progress of pre-fabrication methods in the design of airports in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development can be attributed to the lack of attention of designers and city officials to He knew the socio-cultural component and related indicators. Therefore, in addition to the two environmental and economic components, we should use the socio-cultural component and its indicators in the design of airports in order to have more social acceptability and, as a result, a smoother path towards the realization of sustainable development goals.

Since the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format.

Education is the cornerstone upon which individual growth and societal progress are built. Its multifaceted nature extends beyond the mere transfer of knowledge, encompassing cognitive, social, and emotional development. Yet, within this expansive landscape, the integration of architectural education into early learning stands as an often overlooked but potent catalyst for transformation. This study endeavors to delve into the nuanced implications of introducing architectural concepts to preschoolers, recognizing and emphasizing their profound impact on cognitive and intellectual development during the critical formative years. Architectural education, typically associated with advanced learning stages, extends far beyond teaching design principles or spatial awareness. Its introduction in early childhood settings is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the cognitive framework of young minds. Understanding the depth and breadth of how architectural education influences the developmental trajectory of preschoolers holds promise for redefining educational paradigms.

The methodology adopted in this study was meticulously designed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of architectural education on the cognitive development of preschoolers. From a vast national pool of 30,000 educational centers, a meticulously chosen sample of 384 preschoolers underwent stringent selection using a combination of robust methods, including the Morgan, Kersey, and Cochran techniques. Each classroom, representing diverse demographics and learning styles, actively participated in a meticulously structured study. This carefully curated sample was methodically divided into a control group and a test group. Before the commencement of the study, both groups underwent comprehensive initial assessments, ensuring a clear baseline understanding. Subsequently, the test group received dedicated architectural training, while the control group followed the standard preschool curriculum. Furthermore, the study involved in-depth face-to-face interviews employing a mosaic method, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the diverse learning styles and individual responses exhibited by these young learners.

The empirical findings from this exhaustive study present compelling evidence supporting a robust correlation between architectural education and the enhancement of critical cognitive skills among preschoolers. Noteworthy advancements were discerned across a spectrum of cognitive domains: heightened spatial recognition (P Value= 0.0325, F= 6.14), amplified visualization capabilities (P Value= 0.0269, F= 6.3), adeptness in spatial reconstruction (P Value= 0.0017, F= 21.307), improved orientation skills (P Value= 0.00001, F= 51.822), enhanced comprehension (P Value= 0.004, F= 14.77), and a notable surge in problem-solving aptitude (P Value= 0.039, F= 5.17) among preschoolers exposed to architectural education.

This research illuminates the pivotal role of architectural education as a transformative force that transcends conventional paradigms of knowledge dissemination. It emerges as a catalyst profoundly shaping the cognitive landscape during the crucial formative developmental years. The exposure to architectural concepts goes beyond imparting factual information; it fosters foundational comprehension and a nuanced understanding of spatial relationships. Furthermore, it ignites creative problem-solving abilities and cultivates holistic cognitive development, providing a robust groundwork for future educational endeavors and lifelong learning. Moreover, the implications of this study extend far beyond immediate educational contexts. They underscore the pressing need for the integration of interdisciplinary approaches in early childhood education. By integrating architectural education at the preschool level, educational systems can better nurture adaptable, innovative thinkers equipped to navigate and thrive in an increasingly dynamic and innovation-driven global landscape.

Numerous interpretations and standards have been mentioned for appropriate housing and models of its realization. The residents’ role as a factor in determining and stabilizing the quality of housing is indisputable. From this point of view, residents' satisfaction as a factor determining and stabilizing the desirability of housing has been investigated and analyzed from countless dimensions. These patterns change according to the geographical region and culture. Even research designates that people living in the same house do not have the same understanding of satisfaction with the conditions, which may change depending on several indicators. This research aims to redefine the patterns of the desirability of the existing residential environment based on the satisfaction indicators of the residents in Tabriz City. According to the historical background geographical, social, and political situation of this city, the need to pay attention to it is quite perceptible. From this point of view, this article seeks to answer these questions. In this regard, the leading research has proceeded with the hypothesis that in terms of explaining the patterns of desirability in the field of housing in the region, there is an effective relationship with a positive and meaningful influence between the factors affecting satisfaction with a high factor load and the desirability of the residential environment based on the ideals of the residents exists, which can lead to redefining the patterns of the desirability of the residential environment based on the ideals of the satisfaction of the people of Tabriz.

The present research has a practical nature, and the method of conducting it is a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. To attain its findings, the researchers use statistical and quantitative analysis in consort with qualitative, descriptive and analytical techniques. In the first step, the field findings of variables and micro-variables by addressing the residents' opinions and understanding the indicators they consider by combining them through a vocabulary drawn from documentary data and vocabulary in the perceptive container of the residents in the study platform. In the continuation of the valuation of the existing situation of the region and the recognition of the effective variables with high factor load in the field of the components obtained from the first step of the test, descriptive statistics and analysis of the normality of the data were carried out. Based on that and after transforming the data, the construct validity and reliability of the research variables and their resulting indices were investigated using the confirmatory factor analysis test. To model the purpose of the research, the structural equation method was used. To attain the objectives of the study, two software, SPSS'23 and SmartPLS'3.1.1, were used.

A model was obtained for patterns affecting the desirability of physical and functional, social, environmental, and cultural components of the current status in the residential environment of the research context, which is discussed based on the satisfaction indicators from the view of citizens.

Effective physical and functional components average with path coefficient of 0.549, effective environmental components average with path coefficient of 0.323, effective social components average with path coefficient of 0.229, and effective cultural components average with path coefficient of 0.184 respectively have a most powerful positive and significant effects up to average, moderate downward and low effect on the housing desirability in the district.

In a cold climate, it is necessary to correctly determine the window geometry parameters in order to access sunlight and improve thermal performance. The window is one of the main factors that can increase the demand for cooling energy in summer and reduce heating energy in winter. Therefore, the goal is to investigate the effect of window geometry parameters (WWR, U, SHGC, Shading) on energy consumption, in order to determine the optimal window level of the cold climate urban housing of Hamedan city. The ratio of the surface of the window to the wall and its geometric parameters, as an independent variable, and the amount of energy consumption, is a dependent variable.

The type of research is quantitative and based on the numerical data of the window-to-wall surface (WWR) and energy simulation, and statistical methods have been used in the analysis of the findings. In the data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, variance comparison analysis and follow-up tests were used to determine the relationship between the variables and determine the optimal level (WWR). This study in four stages; Investigating the window-to-wall surface ratio (WWR) of traditional houses, the effect of the WWR of the north and south facades of contemporary housing on building energy, the optimization of WWR due to variables (U, SHGC, SHADING) and the determination of the optimal level have been carried out.The statistical population of this research is in the first part of the selected houses of traditional housing in Hamadan city and to simulate contemporary housing, of the northern and southern parts in the new texture (conventional linear pattern) with an area of 240 square meters in each plot.

the results showed that; The southern front of traditional housing has 55.69% more glass wall surface than the north-facing front. In the contemporary context of Hamadan city, adding windows to the south-facing walls reduces the heating, lighting and final energy, and the north-facing walls increase the cooling, heating and final energy. The south-facing front has a better thermal performance than the north-facing front with a decrease in final energy (-21.55%). In cold climate, the lower the value of U and SHGC, the lower the energy consumption and the type of relationship is direct. For the north face, shading has no effect on energy consumption. But for the southern front, horizontal and combined fixed shading are effective and reduce cooling energy and increase heating energy, so to prevent the increase of heating energy due to the creation of fixed shading, movable shading can be used, Or it is better to reduce the amount of heating energy consumption by increasing the vertical distance of the awning from the top of the window.

On the south front, the optimal window-to-wall level equal to 60% WWR has a final load reduction of -18.52%, and on the north facing front, WWR = 40% has a final load reduction of -8.38%. Based on the results, a revision proposal has been presented in Appendix 10, Topic 19 of the National Building Regulations.

Currently, urban systems are facing great challenges related to the increase of various risks and their effects. In this regard, the continuous existence of risks has made it necessary to design resilient cities and, as a result, achieve sustainability and livability. Considering the alignment of the concepts of resilience and livability in achieving sustainability and appropriate quality of life in urban environments, the purpose of the current research is to analyze the relationship between livability and resilience with an emphasis on urban infrastructure in Ponak neighborhood of Tehran. The research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with an applied purpose and a causal-correlation nature, which was used to analyze the information from the T-test and Pearson tests in SPSS software and the authors' field observations. The statistical population of the research also includes the citizens aged 19 to 65 years of Ponak neighborhood of Tehran, which was determined as a sample size of 384 people based on Cochran's model. The findings of the research show that the condition of the investigated neighborhood has been evaluated favorably from the perspective of urban infrastructure indicators in terms of livability and resilience. Also, in the dimension of livability, the only component of benefiting from green and public spaces suitable for recreation and social interaction, and in the dimension of resilience, the two components of access to suitable open spaces and temporary accommodation places in times of crisis and appropriate mechanisms to protect infrastructure and the existence of emergency plans for reconstruction they are in a bad situation. On the other hand, there is a significant positive and direct relationship between 6 components of livability and 6 components of resilience from the point of view of urban infrastructure in Ponak neighborhood at the 95% confidence level. In other words, the desirability of the neighborhood from the perspective of livable city infrastructure has led to the improvement of resilience in the dimensions of adaptability (ability to go back), resistance (ability to absorb shock) and variability (ability to change and adapt). In this way, according to the appropriate standards of urban planning, especially in the strengthening of houses and buildings, as well as the absence of hazardous uses in the aspect of livability, the return to the past has a favorable state in Ponak neighborhood. On the other hand, according to the existing infrastructure of the neighborhood, such as easy access to the main routes of the city and the flexibility of the roads, proper access to medical centers and rescue facilities, houses and resistant infrastructures, as well as the compatibility of the land use of the resistance neighborhood and the ability to absorb shock in Ponak neighborhood is highly desirable has it. Also, any crisis and danger in human and environmental dimensions will destroy the body and existing infrastructure. However, in order to achieve the ability to change and adapt to these risks, we need flexible plans in different dimensions, especially urban infrastructure. Adaptability is desirable in Ponak neighborhood due to proper infrastructure, however, the ability to change requires spending a lot of money and time.

Pir Bakran Mausoleum is the Tomb of Mohammad Ibn Bakran, one of the ascetics of Sofia which high ceiling is a link between the old man of wisdom and the sky. Pir Bakran Mausoleum is located in the city of the same name, 25 kilometers southwest of Isfahan. The tomb is one of the works of El-Jaito period (Soltan Mohammad Khodabandeh) and is located near the old Jewish cemetery of Isfahan and the holy Jewish cemetery (Astrakhaton). According to the inscriptions, Pir Bakran tomb was built between the years 703 (the year of Mohammad bin Bakran's death) and 712 AH.
This building is one of the masterpieces of Ilkhani architecture. In the physical structure and decorations of this building, plasterwork with various plant motifs, tile decorations, moqrans and wall paintings have been taken. These decorations have been used to form a variety of plant, geometric, written and composite motifs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the wisdom of the origin of geometry and decorations in the Pir bakran tomb based on an analysis from the perspective of the Qur'an and traditions, the symbology of geometric shapes, the wisdom of the numbers used in the tomb based on the science of letters.
This research tries to answer these questions: 1- In which parts of the building and in what form did semantic decorations and geometry appear? 2- What messages do the decorations and geometrical shapes in different parts of Pir bakran tomb carry?
The research method is qualitative and descriptive-analytical based on library studies, documents and field studies of Pir bakran tomb inscriptions. The steps of the research method are as follows: first, field visits were made to the building and the construction periods of different parts of the building were separated; After that, the geometry of the spaces was evaluated and an attempt was made to understand the wisdom of their architecture by analyzing them. Also, by using the science of numbers and alphabets, an attempt was made to find a logical connection between the spaces. By analyzing the concepts of the inscriptions, an attempt was made to express their wisdom; Also, by studying the old photos and old maps prepared by Ernst Herzfeld and comparing it with the current situation, the restored and filled parts for the protection of the building were identified.
The results of the research show that the concepts and meanings are in the form of geometry (such as turning a square into a circle), religious forms in the majority of blue sun and crucifix tiles, linear decorations and the use of divine verses and plant plasters, related to the use of each part of the building has emerged. The use of sacred numbers (4, 9 and 11), symbols and religious forms in the spatial and physical formation of the building has caused a spiritual connection between the earthly world (material) and light (spiritual) and the architecture of the shrine tries to reach the essence of earthly man. To display the sacredness of the Lord, which is the main goal of dervishes.